How one survivor-advocate’s idea became the global standard for sexual assault evidence
Rape kit history traces back to Martha Goddard, a Chicago survivor-advocate who designed the standardized sexual assault evidence collection kit in the mid-1970s after recognizing that inconsistent protocols were allowing offenders to escape prosecution. First deployed across 26 Cook County hospitals in September 1978, the kit spread to 215 Illinois hospitals within two years and reached New York City by 1982. Today, more than 700 Sexual Assault Nurse Examiner programs use standardized rape kit protocols across the United States, Canada, and Australia. What began as one woman’s response to institutional failure became the global infrastructure for forensic sexual assault investigation.









