The Dominican Republic adopts its first constitution
The Dominican Republic’s first constitution was adopted on November 6, 1844. The state was commonly known as Santo Domingo in English until the early 20th century.
Nations
The Republic of Ecuador is founded
Ecuador initially joined Simón Bolívar’s Republic of Gran Colombia. However, in 1830, Ecuador separated from Gran Colombia and became an independent republic.
The Treaty of Montevideo is ratified, granting independence for Uruguay
The Preliminary Peace Convention accorded independence to Uruguay in respect to Brazil and Argentina. Uruguay’s independence would be definitively sealed on 4 October of the same year when, in Montevideo, the signing nations ratified the treaty.
Brazil declares independence from the United Kingdom of Portugal, Brazil and Algarves
The Independence of Brazil comprised a series of political and military events that occurred in 1821–1824, most of which involved disputes between Brazil and Portugal regarding the call for independence presented by the Brazilian Empire.
Bahia gains independence, ending Portuguese rule in Brazil
Control of the province was disputed in several battles, mostly in Pirajá, before the Portuguese were fully expelled on 2 July 1823. Bahia became a Brazilian state in 1889.
Honduras declares independence from Spain
Honduras gained independence from Spain in 1821 and was a part of the First Mexican Empire until 1823, when it became part of the United Provinces of Central America. It has been an independent republic and has held regular elections since 1838.
Panama declares independence from Spain
Timing the action with the rest of the Central American isthmus, Panama declared independence in 1821 and joined the southern federation.
The Treaty of Córdoba makes Mexico legally independent
On August 24, 1821, O’Donojú signed the Treaty of Córdoba, thus ending New Spain’s dependence on Old Spain.
The Act of Independence of Peru is signed
General San Martín invited all of the populace of Lima to swear oath to the Independence cause. The signing of the Act of Independence of Peru was held on 15 July 1821.
The Congress of Angostura declares independence for Gran Colombia
On 17 December 1819, the Congress of Angostura declared Gran Colombia an independent country. After two more years of war, the country achieved independence from Spain in 1821 under the leadership of its most famous son, Simón Bolívar.