Four Indigenous communities in southwestern Ethiopia now legally steward 197,000 hectares of savanna in the Lower Omo River Valley — the largest community-managed conservation area in the country. The Mursi, Bodi, Northern Kwegu, and Ari peoples will govern the land through a community council with real authority over land use, revenue, and conservation rules, replacing decades of top-down designations that brought little protection or benefit. The area shelters reticulated giraffes, elephants, lions, and the endemic black-winged lovebird, and ecotourism and regulated hunting are expected to fund the work ahead. It’s a meaningful shift toward a truth that conservation research keeps confirming: when Indigenous communities hold the cards, both biodiversity and local wellbeing tend to flourish.