Gabon’s new shark and ray protections represent one of the more comprehensive marine wildlife frameworks on the African continent, covering dozens of species with legally binding rules across all fisheries. The legislation bans shark finning, requires immediate release of the most vulnerable species, and sets zero quotas for endangered sharks until populations recover. Artisanal fishers retain access to smaller coastal species, balancing conservation with local food security. Enforcement and long-term funding remain open questions, but Gabon’s decade-built framework offers neighboring Gulf of Guinea nations a replicable model for protecting shared waters.