Southeast Asia

Dubois Collection skull

The Netherlands is returning a fossil collection taken from Indonesia in the colonial era

An important step in cultural justice has been achieved as the Netherlands formally returned thousands of historical and scientific artifacts to Indonesia.
The objects, known as the Dubois Collection, include ancient Javanese treasures, significant natural history fossils, and complete institutional collections. Notably, the return includes materials related to the famous “Java Man” hominid fossil. This transfer empowers Indonesian scholars and citizens with full access to their national history and vital scientific data, serving as an important model for international cooperation and cultural self-determination globally.

Coral

The Philippines protects massive coral hotspot

A significant victory for marine conservation has been achieved in the Philippines, where a new law establishes a vast marine protected area off Panaon Island. The legally protected seascape covers approximately 151,000 acres and is home to some of the world’s most climate-resilient coral reefs. This action, championed by local communities and a multi-year effort, not only safeguards endangered species but also supports the livelihoods of local fisherfolk.

Timor-Leste coastline

World Health Organization certifies Timor-Leste as malaria-free

The World Health Organization certifies malaria elimination when a country has zero indigenous cases for three consecutive years. So far, 47 countries and one territory have earned this status. A Southeast Asian nation, committed to fighting malaria since gaining independence in 2002, has now joined them—demonstrating the impact of sustained, focused efforts to defeat this devastating disease.

Silhouette behind prison bars

Vietnam abolishes death penalty for eight crimes

The legal reforms in Vietnam ended the death penalty for eight crimes, including trying to overthrow the government, damaging state infrastructure, making and selling fake medicine, starting wars, spying, drug trafficking, embezzlement, and taking bribes. The new rules also say that anyone already sentenced to death for these crimes but not yet executed by July 1 will have their sentence changed to life in prison after a final decision by Vietnam’s highest court.

Crocodile from above

Siamese crocodile release into the wild marks conservation milestone in Cambodia

The Siamese crocodile is one of the world’s rarest crocodilians, with less than 1,000 individuals estimated to be surviving in the wild. The species hasn’t been sighted for more than 20 years in Virachey, one of Cambodia’s most remote national parks. Combined with recent record-breaking hatchings both in the wild and in captivity, as well as new records of releases into the Cardamom Mountains from the NGO Fauna & Flora, conservationists hope to build a species stronghold in Cambodia.

Indonesian children smiling

Nine Asian nations have cut child mortality by more than half since 2000

Child mortality in Asia has fallen sharply, especially in Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Cambodia, China, India, Indonesia, Laos, Myanmar, and Nepal, which have all seen a decline of at least 50% since 2000. This progress amounts to millions more children surviving through the crucial early years of life. Particularly noteworthy, India’s child mortality fell from 9% to 3% and China’s from 4% to just 1%. These huge strides have been made possible by improved nutrition, clean water, sanitation, vaccinations, and poverty reduction.

Thai flag

Thailand makes hormone therapy free for trans people

Just days after marriage equality became the law in Thailand, the country’s national health ministry added hormone replacement therapy (HRT) to the free health services available to citizens. The Public Health Ministry allocated 145 million baht to the National Health Security Office for HRT. The targeted funds will cover the HRT needs of 200,000 transgender Thais. Until now, self-funding for HRT has prevented some trans individuals from gaining access to proper care, leading to health risks if they resorted to purchasing and using hormones without medical supervision.

Landfill. A lot of plastic garbage. Environmental problems.

Thailand bans imports of plastic waste to curb toxic pollution

A law banning imports of plastic waste came into force in Thailand, after years of campaigning by activists. Thailand is one of several south-east Asian countries that has historically been paid to receive plastic waste from developed nations. Thai customs officials said more than 1.1 million tons of plastic scraps were imported between 2018 and 2021. Imports of plastic were often mismanaged, with many factories burning the waste rather than recycling it, leading to damage to human health and the environment.

Indonesian children smiling

Indonesia launches free meals program to feed millions of children and pregnant women

The Free Nutritious Meal program delivers on a campaign promise by President Prabowo Subianto, who was elected last year to lead the nation of more than 282 million people and Southeast Asia’s largest economy. It aims to fight the stunting of growth that afflicts 21.5% of Indonesian children younger than 5 and help raise income for the nation’s farmers. The government’s target is to reach an initial 19.5 million schoolchildren and pregnant women in 2025 with a budget of $4.3 billion USD, and more than 80 million people at a cost of $28 billion USD by 2029.

Coal

Indonesia aims to phase out all coal-fired and fossil fuel power plants by 2040

Indonesian president Prabowo Subianto has announced his country will seek to phase out all coal-fired and fossil fuel power plants by 2040, pairing the goal with a target to build over 75 GW of renewable energy capacity over the same period. This brings forward Indonesia’s goal of retiring coal-fired power plants from 2056 to 2040. As the world’s fifth-largest operator of coal-fired power capacity at 52.3 GW, Indonesia’s promise to transition completely away from coal could serve as a pivotal step towards global decarbonization if implemented as planned.