132 nations extend UN protection to 40 migratory species at historic Brazil summit

Story: 2026 C.E.  |  Last updated: April 20, 2026

One hundred thirty-two nations gathered in Campo Grande, Brazil, on March 29, 2026 C.E., and voted to extend international legal protection to 40 new migratory species — among them the snowy owl, giant otter, striped hyena, and great hammerhead shark. The decision came at CMS COP15, the 15th conference of parties to the U.N. Convention on the Conservation of Migratory Species of Wild Animals, pushing the treaty’s total protected species count past 1,200. A new U.N. report released at the same summit found that 49% of populations already covered by the treaty are in decline, making the new migratory species protection listings both an achievement and an urgent warning.

At a glance

• Migratory species protection: CMS COP15 added 40 species to the treaty’s appendices, pushing the total count of protected species past 1,200 for the first time.
• Extinction risk: The State of the World’s Migratory Species: Interim Report (2026 C.E.) found that 24% of species on the treaty’s protection lists now face extinction.
• Policy timeline: Conservation priorities set at COP15 will shape international wildlife policy through at least 2029 C.E., when the next CMS conference is scheduled in Bonn, Germany.

What migratory species protection actually requires

The CMS treaty has been legally binding for 47 years, and that legal weight separates it from voluntary conservation pledges. When a species appears on one of its two appendices, member nations face real obligations — not aspirational goals.

Appendix I covers species in immediate danger of extinction across all or most of their range. Countries where these animals live must strictly prohibit killing, capturing, or disturbing them, with only narrow exceptions. They must also restore degraded habitats, remove barriers along migration routes, and coordinate cross-border threat reduction.

Appendix II applies to species that benefit from international coordination — requiring shared monitoring targets, joint action plans, and pooled research. The giant otter earned listings on both appendices, reflecting the depth of the crisis it faces across South American freshwater systems. That double listing is rare and signals exceptional concern.

Why these 40 species needed international help

Every one of the 40 newly added species shares a defining vulnerability: its survival depends on more than one country choosing to protect it.

The snowy owl breeds in Canada’s Arctic and then spreads across North America, Europe, and Asia each winter. No single government can secure its future alone. Zimbabwe’s cheetah population received specific new attention because only 150 to 170 individuals remain in the country. Several shark species joined the list as well, including the great hammerhead and three species of thresher shark, which face relentless pressure from commercial fishing bycatch and finning operations.

The flesh-footed shearwater, a seabird that crosses entire ocean basins, and the Patagonian narrownose smoothhound shark also received new coverage. Each species represents a population under accelerating pressure from habitat fragmentation, overexploitation, plastic pollution, and climate change. The summit also surfaced threats that no single government can address alone — deep-sea mining, underwater noise pollution, and the disruption of migration corridors by roads and dams.

Turning commitments into action on the ground

CMS Executive Secretary Amy Fraenkel put the challenge plainly at the close of the summit: half the species already on the treaty’s protection lists are still declining despite existing coverage. New listings expand the protected group, but the work of actually reducing threats happens on the ground, not in a conference hall.

The Cornell Lab of Ornithology, working alongside CMS, unveiled a new Americas Flyways Atlas at the conference — an online tool designed to help governments visualize and manage the migration routes crossing their borders. The more than 2,600 participants adopted 39 resolutions covering species conservation, habitat protection, and ecological connectivity.

The summit surfaced a notable absence. The United States did not send a representative to Campo Grande, and the Trump administration has separately explored removing protections for endangered species in the Gulf of Mexico. The 132 nations that did participate, along with the 27 E.U. member states, still represent the vast majority of the globe.

Brazil, which hosted COP15, now holds the CMS presidency for the next three years and has committed to driving implementation across South America and beyond. “While there are advances and important steps forward, many migratory species are approaching critical thresholds,” said Wildlife Conservation Society director Susan Liberman at the summit’s close.

The next CMS conference in Bonn in 2029 C.E. will mark 50 years since the treaty was signed. By then the world will have a clearer picture of whether the commitments made in Campo Grande translated into real change for the snowy owl, the hammerhead shark, and the 38 other species that now have a new layer of international protection. The IUCN Red List will be one of the key tools researchers use to track whether those commitments hold.

As the World Wildlife Fund’s wildlife corridor initiative has shown in other contexts, legal protection is only the first step — the harder work is building the political will and cross-border coordination to make it stick.

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For more on this story, see: Woman’s World

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