For the first time at meaningful scale, farming families across the Congo Basin are receiving direct cash payments simply for protecting the forests around them. The new Payments for Environmental Services program — unveiled in 2025 C.E. and administered through the Central African Forest Initiative — routes money straight to community members via mobile phone, bypassing the intermediaries that have long diluted conservation finance before it reached the ground.
At a glance
- Congo Basin forest payments: Hundreds of farmers have already signed contracts, with initial payments distributed in 2025 C.E. and existing DRC contracts alone covering thousands of hectares.
- Direct mobile transfers: Participants document their conservation activities, then receive verified funds through mobile money platforms — infrastructure already widely used across Central Africa.
- CAFI commitment: The Central African Forest Initiative has pledged over $100 million to expand the program beyond its pilot phase across the Democratic Republic of Congo, Republic of Congo, and Gabon.
Why forests here matter to everyone
The Congo Basin holds the world’s second-largest tropical rainforest. It absorbs enormous quantities of carbon dioxide each year, functioning as one of the planet’s most significant carbon sinks — slowing climate change for people who will never set foot near it.
For decades, the economics worked against conservation. Clearing land for agriculture or selling timber produced immediate income. Leaving trees standing produced nothing — at least nothing the market recognized. This program rewrites that equation by assigning real financial value to a standing forest.
Research from CIFOR-ICRAF, the Center for International Forestry Research, has documented how well-designed payment schemes can reduce deforestation rates while building community resilience simultaneously. The Congo Basin rollout draws directly on that evidence base, making it one of the most rigorously grounded programs of its kind.
Paying people, not institutions
What separates this model from older conservation approaches is who actually receives the money.
Traditional programs often funneled funds to national governments or large NGOs, with uncertain effects further down the chain. Here, a farmer who maintains deforestation-free fields or manages forest sustainably receives direct compensation — verified, mobile-delivered, and fast. The WWF’s Congo Basin program is among the implementing partners, alongside the United Nations Capital Development Fund, which has long supported mobile-based financial mechanisms in regions where formal banking is limited.
Communities also participate in monitoring and verification — building local capacity rather than outsourcing it to outside experts. Activities covered include agroforestry, reforestation, and deforestation-free farming: practices many communities already use or want to expand, now made economically competitive with more destructive alternatives.
The program connects to a broader shift at the 2025 C.E. COP30 summit, where a landmark agreement affirmed Indigenous and community land rights over 160 million hectares of forest globally. That agreement recognized what many researchers have argued for years: the people closest to forests are often their most effective guardians. This payment scheme turns that principle into a paycheck.
The harder work ahead
The architects of this program are explicit about their ambitions. The goal is to reach thousands of communities across three nations — and, if it succeeds, to offer a replicable template for other high-forest regions where conservation finance has historically struggled to penetrate to the community level.
The United Nations Environment Programme has identified community-based forest finance as one of the highest-leverage climate investments available anywhere. The Congo Basin rollout is now the largest real-world test of that claim. Early numbers are promising, and the Central African Forest Initiative has documented strong early community uptake.
Sustained funding beyond the initial CAFI commitment is not guaranteed, and payment-for-ecosystem-services programs globally have sometimes collapsed when external financing cycles end. Critics also raise a subtler concern: monetizing conservation relationships can, in some contexts, displace traditional stewardship obligations that operated entirely outside market logic. The program will need to navigate those tensions carefully as it scales.
The early numbers are promising. The harder work — sustaining payments, scaling verification, and keeping communities genuinely at the center — is only beginning.
Read more
For more on this story, see: Congo Peat — New Report
For more from Good News for Humankind, see:
- U.K. cancer death rates fall to their lowest level on record
- Ghana expands marine protection at Cape Three Points
- The Good News for Humankind archive on the Democratic Republic of Congo
About this article
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