Astronomy & space exploration

This archive covers verified progress in astronomy and space exploration — from telescope discoveries and planetary science to missions pushing the boundaries of human spaceflight. Each story focuses on what researchers, agencies, and engineers are actually achieving, and what those advances mean for our understanding of the universe.

Wooden satellite, for article on wooden satellite

World’s first wooden satellite, developed in Japan, heads to space

LignoSat, a 10-centimeter cube of magnolia wood, is now circling Earth as the world’s first wooden satellite — a small experiment with big implications. Built by Kyoto University and Sumitomo Forestry, a company with 350 years of timber expertise, it was delivered to the International Space Station in November 2024. The idea is beautifully simple: when aluminum satellites burn up on reentry, they leave behind metallic particles drifting in the upper atmosphere, but wood combusts cleanly into carbon dioxide and water vapor. Magnolia samples tested in orbit held up without cracking or warping, surprising even the researchers. As tens of thousands more satellites prepare to launch this decade, LignoSat hints that the materials we send skyward matter as much as how we use them.