Astronomy & space exploration

This archive covers verified progress in astronomy and space exploration — from telescope discoveries and planetary science to missions pushing the boundaries of human spaceflight. Each story focuses on what researchers, agencies, and engineers are actually achieving, and what those advances mean for our understanding of the universe.

Wooden satellite, for article on wooden satellite

World’s first wooden satellite, developed in Japan, heads to space

LignoSat, a 10-centimeter cube of magnolia wood, is now circling Earth as the world’s first wooden satellite — a small experiment with big implications. Built by Kyoto University and Sumitomo Forestry, a company with 350 years of timber expertise, it was delivered to the International Space Station in November 2024. The idea is beautifully simple: when aluminum satellites burn up on reentry, they leave behind metallic particles drifting in the upper atmosphere, but wood combusts cleanly into carbon dioxide and water vapor. Magnolia samples tested in orbit held up without cracking or warping, surprising even the researchers. As tens of thousands more satellites prepare to launch this decade, LignoSat hints that the materials we send skyward matter as much as how we use them.

Hubble Space Telescope in orbit, for article on Hubble Space Telescope

NASA launches the Hubble Space Telescope, opening a new window on the universe

The Hubble Space Telescope launched aboard Shuttle Discovery on April 24, 1990, carrying a 2.4-meter mirror above Earth’s distorting atmosphere. After a famously blurry start, astronauts installed corrective optics in 1993, and Hubble went on to contribute to more than 19,000 peer-reviewed papers — making distant galaxies feel, for the first time, genuinely knowable.