Humans domesticate the sheep
The history of the domesticated sheep goes back to between 11000 and 9000 B.C.E., and the domestication of the wild mouflon in ancient Mesopotamia.
Middle East
Kebarian Culture thrives in the Levant
Kebarian culture was an archaeological culture in the eastern Mediterranean area (c. 18,000 to 12,500 BP). The Kebaran were a highly mobile nomadic population, composed of hunters and gatherers in the Levant and Sinai areas who used microlithic tools.
Humans in the Levant invent the mortar and pestle to grind ingredients for food or medicine
Mortar and pestle are implements used since ancient times to prepare ingredients or substances by crushing and grinding them into a fine paste or powder in the kitchen, medicine and pharmacy.
Early humans settle Ksar Akil in modern-day Lebanon
It is assumed to be one of the earliest known sites containing Upper Paleolithic technologies including Ahmarian cultural objects.
Humans begin burying dead, perhaps in modern-day Israel
The earliest practice of human burial, dating back to sites like Qafzeh Cave in modern-day Israel, marked a monumental achievement in human history. This deliberate act of interment created cohesive social communities and provided a shared ritual for processing grief. More profoundly, it required advanced abstract thought and planning, affirming the inherent value of the individual beyond survival. This invention of ritual laid the essential foundation for all subsequent human culture and civilization.
Early Homo Sapiens settle in Arabian Peninsula for first time
Early Homo sapiens settling the Arabian Peninsula demonstrated exceptional ingenuity by mastering abstract climate models and deep planning. Migrating through “Green Arabia” between 130,000 and 75,000 years ago, these pioneers developed resilient technologies and social cohesion, proving critical for their successful global dispersal.