For the first time in medical history, a human bladder has been successfully transplanted into a living patient. The recipient is Oscar Larrainzar, a 41-year-old father of four from California who had lost his bladder and both kidneys to cancer treatment and end-stage kidney disease. He has since been taken off dialysis — an outcome that, before early May 2025 C.E., no surgeon had ever achieved.
At a glance
- Bladder transplant: Surgeons simultaneously transplanted one donor kidney and a donor bladder into Larrainzar in early May 2025 C.E. — the first procedure of its kind ever completed successfully.
- Surgical team: The operation was performed by Dr. Inderbir Gill of the University of Southern California Institute of Urology and Dr. Nima Nassiri of the UCLA Institute of Urology, who spent more than four years developing the technique together.
- Clinical trial: The team plans to expand this work through a formal clinical trial at UCLA Health, with the goal of refining the procedure and identifying which patients are most likely to benefit.
Why this matters for patients
When a bladder is removed, surgeons typically repurpose a section of intestine to reroute urine. The approach works, but it often brings a cascade of secondary problems — chronic infections, kidney stress, and digestive disruption that can become nearly as debilitating as the original condition.
For years, researchers around the world have searched for a better path. A transplanted bladder, sourced from a human donor, offers the possibility of more natural function with fewer long-term complications. That possibility is now no longer theoretical.
“Transplantation is a life-saving and life-enhancing treatment option for many conditions affecting major organs, and now the bladder can be added to the list,” said Dr. Gill, executive director of the USC Institute of Urology.
Four years in the making
The procedure did not come together quickly. Gill and Nassiri spent more than four years developing and refining their surgical technique before attempting it on a human patient — a deliberate, iterative process that reflects the discipline required to push medicine into genuinely new territory.
“This first attempt at bladder transplantation has been over four years in the making,” Nassiri said. “For the appropriately selected patient, it is exciting to be able to offer a new potential option.”
The surgery involved transplanting both a donor kidney and a donor bladder simultaneously — a complexity that required solving problems no surgical team had encountered before. The fact that Larrainzar’s body accepted both organs, and that he no longer depends on dialysis, represents what the team has called a historic moment in medicine.
Organ transplantation has extended and transformed millions of lives since the first successful kidney transplant in 1954 C.E. Heart, liver, lung, and pancreas transplants followed over the following decades, each marking a threshold that once seemed unreachable. The bladder is now on that list.
What still remains unknown
Doctors say they are “satisfied” with Larrainzar’s recovery so far. But significant questions remain open.
How his new bladder will perform over years, not just weeks, is still unclear. How long he will need immune-suppression medication — which carries its own health risks — is also unknown. This is the honest edge of medical progress: a genuine first that holds real hope and real uncertainty at the same time.
The surgical team is treating this milestone as a starting point, not an endpoint. The planned clinical trial at UCLA Health will generate structured data from multiple patients, helping define who is most likely to benefit and how complications can be minimized over time.
This advance arrives alongside a broader acceleration in surgical and cancer medicine. Cancer survival rates have been improving steadily across many countries, reflecting decades of research investment. As more patients survive cancer, the need for restorative procedures like bladder transplantation — and the value of having them available — only grows.
A new chapter in transplant science
For patients living with nonfunctioning or surgically removed bladders, the addition of transplantation as a potential option is more than symbolic. It represents a possible path away from permanent workarounds and toward restored function — something that, before 2025 C.E., had never been offered to a single human being.
The USC and UCLA teams have not announced a timeline for their next procedures. But the clinical trial framework they are building suggests that additional surgeries are being planned with the same care and deliberateness that made this first one succeed.
Oscar Larrainzar is home recovering. His four children have their father back — off dialysis, with a bladder transplant that no surgeon had ever successfully completed before his.
Read more
For more on this story, see: The Guardian
For more from Good News for Humankind, see:
- U.K. cancer death rates are down to their lowest level on record
- Renewables now make up at least 49% of global power capacity
- The Good News for Humankind archive on global health
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