Green sea turtles are no longer endangered, IUCN confirms

Story: 2025 C.E.  |  Last updated: April 20, 2026

For the first time in decades, the International Union for Conservation of Nature has removed the green sea turtle from its endangered species list — a milestone that conservation biologist Bryan Wallace calls the direct result of “consistent hard work.” The IUCN’s 2025 C.E. reassessment found that nesting populations have increased significantly since the 1970s, driven by legal protections, beach patrols, and the preservation of the seagrass meadows these animals depend on to survive.

At a glance

• Green sea turtle recovery: The IUCN upgraded the species from endangered to a less threatened status after documenting increased nesting activity across major rookeries in the Caribbean, Indian Ocean, and Pacific.
• Nesting site data: Wallace and his team tracked growth in annual egg-nesting sites as their primary measure of population rebound — a method that captures reproductive health across the species’ global range.
• Fisheries bycatch: Accidental entanglement in fishing gear remains one of the biggest ongoing threats, alongside climate change and coastal development, meaning this recovery requires continued attention.

What turned the tide for green sea turtles

During Columbus’s voyages in the late 15th century C.E., sailors reportedly navigated at night by the sounds of turtles breathing and their shells knocking against wooden hulls. There were that many. By the mid-20th century, centuries of hunting, egg harvesting, and habitat destruction had devastated those numbers.

What followed was slow, unglamorous, and spread across dozens of countries: legal protections, community beach patrol programs, and the designation of marine protected areas covering critical feeding grounds. Green sea turtles are almost entirely herbivorous as adults, grazing on seagrass meadows that serve as the foundation of entire coastal ecosystems. Protecting those feeding zones gave the turtles enough to eat year-round — and gave populations the stability needed to reproduce at scale.

The recovery didn’t come from a single law or a single country. It came from thousands of people in dozens of places deciding to do the right thing, consistently, over a long time.

What turtles do for the ocean — and what the ocean needs from them

Green sea turtles aren’t passive residents of healthy oceans. They actively shape marine ecosystems. As they graze, they trim seagrass beds in ways that stimulate new growth — and those seagrass meadows sequester significant amounts of carbon, contributing to the ocean’s role as a climate buffer.

A recovering turtle population is also a signal of broader ecosystem function. Clean water, stable habitat, and adequate prey all have to be in place for these animals to thrive. That kind of ecological resilience matters more as ocean temperatures rise and acidification increases pressure on marine life. NOAA’s sea turtle conservation program has documented how restoring turtle populations connects directly to ocean health at a systems level.

Satellite tracking gave scientists the data to map migration routes and identify feeding corridors that needed protection. The Sea Turtle Conservancy’s long-term nesting databases provided the baseline researchers needed to measure progress over time. Indigenous and coastal communities contributed something harder to quantify — local ecological knowledge and long-standing relationships with the coastlines they inhabit. Many of the most effective beach patrol programs draw directly on that knowledge.

The recovery is real — and it’s not finished

Wallace is careful not to overclaim. “Not entirely out of the woods yet,” he told NPR. Bycatch — turtles and other marine animals accidentally caught in fishing gear meant for other species — remains a significant source of mortality. Climate change threatens to skew hatchling sex ratios, since nest temperature determines whether eggs develop as male or female. Coastal development continues to degrade nesting habitat in some regions faster than protections can compensate.

The broader IUCN report carries sobering context, too. Three species of Arctic seal are moving closer to extinction, and more than half of bird species are in decline globally. The green sea turtle’s upgrade doesn’t change that picture — but it does complicate it in an important way.

“If you do the right things in the right places with the right people, good things happen,” Wallace said. “And I think that extends far beyond nature conservation.”

A model worth paying attention to

The IUCN Red List assessment for green sea turtles is more than a status update. It’s a documented case study in what sustained, cooperative effort can accomplish. Beach protections, seagrass conservation, satellite science, and community stewardship all contributed — no single factor was sufficient on its own.

Similar dynamics are playing out in coastal communities around the world. The World Wildlife Fund’s marine program has expanded its work on seagrass protection in part because of what the turtle recovery demonstrated: that these ecosystems respond to protection when protection is consistent and enforced.

Wallace’s closing message is worth sitting with. He urged people to find something they love — something close to them, something that matters — and fight to keep it. It may sound simple. But the green sea turtle’s return from the edge is evidence that it works.

Read more

For more on this story, see: NPR

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