Post-modernity spans 1945 to 2016 C.E., an era defined by rapid technological acceleration, decolonization, the rise of the internet, and expanding civil rights. This archive collects milestones in science, medicine, governance, and culture from those seven decades of sweeping human progress.
Perestroika began in the spring of 1985, when new Soviet leader Mikhail Gorbachev admitted publicly what no Communist Party chief had before: the Soviet economy wasn’t working. What followed was extraordinary — competitive elections, a freer press, and the 1987 INF Treaty with Reagan, the first ever to eliminate an entire class of nuclear weapons.
Brazil’s return to civilian rule began on January 15, 1985, when an electoral college in Brasília chose Tancredo Neves as president, ending 21 years of military government. Neves fell ill before his inauguration and died that April, never taking office. Still, the opening he helped negotiate led to the 1988 “Citizen Constitution” — a framework that has now held for four decades.
The first Macintosh arrived on January 24, 1984, when Steve Jobs pulled a beige, talking computer from a canvas bag onstage in Cupertino. Priced at $2,495, it brought the graphical interface — windows, icons, a clickable trash can — to everyday buyers. It marked the moment computing began leaving the lab for the living room.
Stereolithography was born in 1984, when Chuck Hull, working late in a Southern California UV lab, filed a patent for building solid objects from liquid resin, one laser-traced layer at a time. He went on to co-found the first commercial 3D printing company, seeding a shift from cutting material away to building it up.
The United Democratic Front launched on August 20, 1983, when roughly 10,000 people filled a community hall in Mitchell’s Plain near Cape Town. Delegates from 575 organizations — unions, churches, student groups, civic associations — united behind one slogan: “UDF Unites, Apartheid Divides.” It became one of the broadest nonracial coalitions in South Africa’s long struggle against apartheid.
Thriller arrived on November 30, 1982, when a 24-year-old Michael Jackson released an album that refused to sit quietly inside the racial lines dividing American radio and MTV. Blending funk, pop, and rock across seven hit singles, it became one of the best-selling albums ever and helped open mainstream airwaves to Black artists long kept outside them.
Utility-scale solar arrived in 1982, when ARCO Solar switched on a photovoltaic field near Hesperia, California — the first solar plant anywhere to cross one megawatt of capacity. The silicon cells traced back to NASA satellite research, now wired into the everyday grid. A modest start for what became one of the fastest-falling costs in energy history.
Antigua and Barbuda became a fully sovereign nation on November 1, 1981, ending nearly 350 years of British colonial rule. The path ran through the cane fields: Vere Cornwall Bird, who led the trade union movement from 1943 onward, was sworn in as the country’s first prime minister. It was a quiet milestone in the Caribbean’s long arc toward self-rule.
Belize independence arrived on September 21, 1981, when a new flag rose over the small Central American nation after more than a century of British rule. The path ran through self-government in 1964 and a name change from British Honduras in 1973, led by George Price. Sovereignty, long overdue, for a land whose Maya roots stretch back millennia.
MS-DOS arrived in August 1981, when Microsoft sold IBM the operating system that would power its new personal computer. The twist: Microsoft didn’t write it, but bought the underlying code from a Seattle programmer for $25,000 and kept the rights to license it elsewhere. That clause helped shape the PC era.
