Morocco

Courtyard of the mosque and its minaret at University of Al Qaraouiyine, for article on Al-Karaouine university

Fatima al-Fihri founds the world’s oldest continuously operating university in Morocco

In 859 C.E., a young woman named Fatima al-Fihri used her entire inheritance to build a mosque and school for her immigrant community in Fez, Morocco. That institution, Al-Karaouine, has been teaching students ever since. UNESCO and Guinness recognize it as the world’s oldest continuously operating university — founded roughly two centuries before Oxford.

n statuette representing a Libyan Libu Berber, for article on Berber culture Maghreb

Amazigh people build one of Africa’s oldest continuous cultures in the Maghreb

The Amazigh — “free people” — were shaping life across North Africa long before Rome or the Arab conquests arrived. Their ancestors painted elephants and hippos on Saharan rock walls when the desert was still green, around 5000 B.C.E. Today, an estimated 30 to 40 million people carry that lineage forward, one of the world’s longest continuous cultural threads.