Global child mortality rate drops from 48% to 27% by mid-20th century
Child mortality, once the grim baseline of parenthood, began its great retreat in the 18th and 19th centuries and reached a turning point by 1950, when roughly 27% of children still died before age five, down from an estimated 40–50% across most of human history. Clean water, vaccines, and literacy quietly rewrote what families could expect.



