Courts

This archive collects milestones involving courts — judicial bodies at local, national, and international levels — as actors in meaningful change. Stories here cover rulings, legal precedents, and decisions that advanced rights, accountability, or justice around the world.

International Court of Justice, for article on international court of justice

The United Nations establishes the International Court of Justice

The International Court of Justice was born in June 1945, when the UN Charter created the first permanent global tribunal for disputes between nations. It held its first session the following April at the Peace Palace in The Hague, with fifteen judges drawn from the world’s major legal traditions. A quiet but radical idea: countries could bring their grievances to judges instead of armies.