Agriculture

This archive tracks meaningful progress in agriculture — from soil restoration and water-smart farming to policies that support small-scale growers and Indigenous food systems. Each story highlights real advances that are improving how the world grows, shares, and thinks about food.

Cotton growing in field, for article on single-roller cotton gin

Single-roller cotton gin emerges in India, documented at the Ajanta Caves

The cotton gin traces back to 5th-century India, where paintings in the Ajanta Caves show the earliest known depiction of a single roller pressed against stone to separate fiber from seed. Contemporary records later noted one man and one woman could clean 28 pounds of cotton a day using an Indian roller gin — a quiet foundation for a technology that would travel across centuries and continents.