Use of the now ubiquitous spice black pepper becomes widespread, beginning in modern-day India
Black pepper is native to Kerala in Southwestern India and is extensively cultivated there and elsewhere in tropica regions.
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The Hồng Bàng dynasty flourishes in modern-day Vietnam
The Hồng Bàng dynasty was a legendary, semimythical period in Vietnamese history spanning from the political union in 2879 B.C.E. of many tribes of the northern Red River Valley to the conquest by An Dương Vương in 258 B.C.E.
Early humans settle on Greenland for the first time
The earliest known cultures in Greenland are the Saqqaq culture (2500–800 B.C.E.) and the Independence I culture in northern Greenland (2400–1300 B.C.E.). The practitioners of these two cultures are thought to have descended from separate groups that came to Greenland from northern Canada.
Construction of first Egyptian pyramid begins
The first, and largest, pyramid at Giza was built by the pharaoh Khufu (reign started around 2551 B.C.).
Egyptian physician Imhotep diagnoses cancer, perhaps for the first time in history
Imhotep was an Egyptian chancellor to the Pharaoh Djoser, possible architect of Djoser’s step pyramid, and high priest of the sun god Ra at Heliopolis. Very little is known of Imhotep as a historical figure, but in the 3,000 years following his death, he was gradually glorified and deified. In his Pulitzer-prize winning “biography” of cancer – The Emperor of All Maladies – Siddhartha Mukherjee cites the oldest identified written diagnosis of cancer to Imhotep.
Humanity’s first monarch, perhaps Dumuzid, comes to power in Sumeria
Sumeria was the first civilization, created the first writing system, and had the first monarch.
Maya culture emerges in the Yucatan
The Maya Long Count Calendar gives a Maya creation date of 11 August, 3114 B.C.E., and traces of Maya habitation at Cuello, in Belize, were recently carbon dated to around 2600 B.C.E.
The Old Kingdom of Egypt begins
The Old Kingdom, in ancient Egyptian history, is the period in the third millennium (c. 2686-2181 B.C.E.) also known as the ‘Age of the Pyramids’ or ‘Age of the Pyramid Builders’.
The civilization of Elam rises in modern-day Iran
Elam was an ancient Pre-Iranian civilization centered in the far west and southwest of what is now modern-day Iran.
The Catacomb culture flourishes in modern-day Ukraine and southern Russia
The Catacomb culture (c. 2800–2200 B.C.E.) is a group of related cultures in the early Bronze Age occupying essentially what is present-day eastern Ukraine and southern Russia.