Use of the now ubiquitous spice black pepper becomes widespread, beginning in modern-day India
Black pepper is native to Kerala in Southwestern India and is extensively cultivated there and elsewhere in tropica regions.
India
Humans in the Indian subcontinent domesticate the water buffalo
At least 130 million domestic water buffalo exist, and more people depend on them than on any other domestic animal.
The Indus Valley Civilization, or Harrapan Civilization, emerges in South Asia
The Indus Valley Civilisation was a Bronze Age civilisation in South Asia, lasting from 3300 B.C.E. to 1300 B.C.E. Along with ancient Egypt and Mesopotamia it was one of three early civilisations of West- and South Asia.
Humans of the Indus Valley civilization invented irrigation
Irrigation was used as a means of manipulation of water in the alluvial plains of the Indus valley civilization, the application of it is estimated to have begun around 4500 B.C.E. and drastically increased the size and prosperity of their agricultural settlements.
Humans begin practicing meditation in the Indus Valley
In the Indus Valley, archaeologists discovered evidence of meditation in wall art dating from approximately 5,000 to 3,500 B.C.E.
Humans from the Indus Valley Civilization settle the Himalayas for the first time
Neolithic tools found in Bhutan indicate that people have been living in the Himalayan region for at least 11,000 years.
Rock paintings tradition begins in Bhimbetka rock shelters in India
The Bhimbetka rock shelters are an archaeological site in central India that spans the prehistoric paleolithic and mesolithic periods, as well as the historic period. It exhibits the earliest traces of human life on the Indian subcontinent and evidence of Stone Age starting at the site in Acheulian times.