Dagomba culture emerges in modern-day northern Ghana
Dagomba are one of the ethnic groups with a sophisticated oral tradition. Most of their history, until quite recently, has been passed down via oral tradition with drummers as professional griots.
12th Century C.E.
The Kingdom of Mapungubwe thrives in modern-day South Africa
The Kingdom of Mapungubwe (c.1075–1220) was a medieval state in South Africa located at the confluence of the Shashe and Limpopo rivers, south of Great Zimbabwe.
The Vazimba kingdoms emerge in the central highlands of Madagascar
The first period of Malagasy oral history is known as the Vazimba period, beginning with the Vazimbas’ establishment of kingdoms – often ruled by Queens – in the central Highlands region of Madagascar.