Cities

Cities are where most of the world’s people live, and where many of the most consequential decisions about housing, transit, public space, and climate get made. This archive tracks meaningful progress in urban life — from cleaner air and safer streets to more equitable neighborhoods and smarter infrastructure.

David Cox - Pirate's Isle painting, for article on Belize Town founding

English lumber harvesters establish Belize Town on a Maya site

Belize City traces its roots to 1638, when English loggers set up a trading post at the mouth of Haulover Creek to float logwood and mahogany out to the Caribbean. The site wasn’t empty — a Maya settlement called Holzuz was already there. Nearly four centuries on, it remains Belize’s largest city and a layered meeting point of Maya, African, Garifuna, and Mestizo histories.

Diego de Losada painting by Antonio Herrera Toro, for article on Caracas founding

Diego de Losada founds the city of Caracas, Venezuela

Caracas was founded on July 25, 1567, when Spanish captain Diego de Losada staked his claim in a mountain-ringed valley near the Caribbean coast. Earlier attempts had failed, crushed by Indigenous forces under chiefs Guaicaipuro and Terepaima. The small settlement would grow into a hemispheric capital and, centuries later, the birthplace of SimĂłn BolĂ­var.

image for article on Santo Domingo founding

Bartholomew Columbus founds Santo Domingo, the oldest European city in the Americas

Santo Domingo took root in 1496 on the banks of the Ozama River, when Bartholomew Columbus oversaw the founding of what became the oldest continuously inhabited European city in the Americas. Its harbor later launched expeditions to Puerto Rico, Cuba, and Mexico — though the same centuries brought the near-collapse of the TaĂ­no and the Americas’ earliest recorded slave revolt.