The first period of Malagasy oral history is known as the Vazimba period, beginning with the Vazimbas’ establishment of kingdoms – often ruled by Queens – in the central Highlands region of Madagascar.
Author Onwuejeogwu suggested that Nri influence in Igboland may go back as far as the 9th century, and royal burials have been unearthed dating to at least the 10th century.
The Hausa Bakwai kingdoms were established around the 7th to 11th centuries. The Hausa Kingdoms were independent political entities in what is now Northern Nigeria. The Hausa city states emerged as southern terminals of the Trans-Saharan caravan trade.
Archaeologists have estimated that the earliest settlers arrived from the Malay Archipelago between 250 B.C.E. and 550 C.E., making Madagascar one of the last major landmasses on Earth to be settled by humans.
The early history of Seychelles is unknown. Malays from Borneo, who eventually settled on Madagascar, perhaps lingered here circa 200-300 C.E.
It is now a UNESCO World Heritage Site and is considered to be among the oldest urbanized centers and the best-known archaeology site in sub-Saharan Africa.
Hundreds of burial mounds have been found on the coast and in river estuaries of the Senegal, Saloum, Gambia, and Casamance rivers. 217 of these clusters have been identified in the Saloum Delta alone.
In the 5th century B.C.E., the Carthaginian explorer Hanno sailed beyond the Pillars of Hercules, out of the Mediterranean and into hitherto unknown territory down the Atlantic coast of Africa.
The Bantu expansion is a major series of migrations of the original proto-Bantu language speaking group, who spread from an original nucleus around West Africa-Central Africa across much of sub-Saharan Africa.
The Nok culture is an early Iron Age population whose material remains are named after the Ham village of Nok in Kaduna State of Nigeria, where their famous terracotta sculptures were first discovered by Westerners in 1928.
