Monagrillo culture emerges in modern-day Panama
Monagrillo is an archaeological site in south-central Panama. It provides the earliest example of ceramics in Central America along with one of the earliest examples of maize agriculture in the region.
North & Central America
The Poverty Point culture in modern-day southern United States flourishes
Poverty Point culture is an archaeological culture that corresponds to an ancient group of indigenous peoples who inhabited the area of the lower Mississippi Valley and surrounding Gulf coast from about 2200 B.C.E. – 700 B.C.E.
Early humans settle on Greenland for the first time
The earliest known cultures in Greenland are the Saqqaq culture (2500–800 B.C.E.) and the Independence I culture in northern Greenland (2400–1300 B.C.E.). The practitioners of these two cultures are thought to have descended from separate groups that came to Greenland from northern Canada.
Maya culture emerges in the Yucatan
The Maya Long Count Calendar gives a Maya creation date of 11 August, 3114 B.C.E., and traces of Maya habitation at Cuello, in Belize, were recently carbon dated to around 2600 B.C.E.
Humans begin cultivating cotton, perhaps in modern-day Mexico
The history of the domestication of cotton is very complex and is not known exactly. Several isolated civilizations in both the Old and New World independently domesticated and converted cotton into fabric.
Squash is domesticated for the first time in modern-day southern Mexico
The earliest known evidence of the domestication of Cucurbita dates back at least 8,000 years ago, predating the domestication of other crops such as maize and beans in the region by about 4,000 years.
Humans of the Tlatilco culture found Tlapacoya, perhaps the first city in the Americas
Tlapacoya is an important archaeological site in Mexico, located at the foot of the Tlapacoya volcano, southeast of Mexico City, on the former shore of Lake Chalco.
Humans in modern-day southern Mexico domesticate maize
Maize, also known as corn, is a cereal grain first domesticated by indigenous peoples in southern Mexico about 10,000 years ago. Maize has become a staple food in many parts of the world, with total production surpassing that of wheat or rice.
Agriculture develops independently in the Americas
Agriculture arose independently in at least three regions: South America, Mesoamerica, and eastern North America.
Sto:lo culture emerges in modern-day British Columbia
The first traces of people living in the Fraser Valley date from 8,000 to 10,000 years ago. The Sto:lo called this area, their traditional territory, S’ólh Téméxw were highly mobile hunter-gatherers.