Constitutional Convention convenes in Philadelphia, marking new era of democracy
This idea formed the basis of the new U.S. Constitution, which became the law of the land in 1789.
Modernity (1500 - 1945 C.E.)
Adam Smith publishes “The Wealth of Nations” driving the rise of capitalism
The publishing of “The Wealth of Nations” marked the birth of modern capitalism as well as economics.
The Bengali Renaissance thrives in the Bengal region of the Indian subcontinent
The Bengali Renaissance was a cultural, social, intellectual and artistic movement in the eastern part of the Indian subcontinent during the period of the British Indian Empire, from the nineteenth century to the early twentieth century dominated by Bengalis.
John Wilkinson invents a boring machine that becomes perhaps humanity’s first machine tool
John “Iron-Mad” Wilkinson invented precision boring machine that could bore cast iron cylinders, such as those used in steam engines of James Watt.
Captain James Cook becomes first human known to cross Antarctic Circle
In 1773, James Cook and his crew crossed the Antarctic Circle for the first time; however, although they discovered nearby islands, they did not catch sight of Antarctica itself.
The Qianlong Emperor orders the creation of the Siku Quanshu
The Siku Quanshu ended up surpassing the Ming dynasty’s 1403 Yongle Encyclopedia in size, which was China’s largest encyclopedia prior to the creation of the Siku Quanshu.
King Prithvi Narayan Shah founds the Kindgom of Nepal
Founded by King Prithvi Narayan Shah, a Gorkhali monarch of Rajput origin from medieval India,[6] it existed for 240 years until the abolition of the Nepalese monarchy in 2008.
James Watts invents the steam engine
The firm of Boulton and Watt became famous and Watt lived until August 19, 1819, long enough to see his steam engine become the greatest single factor in the upcoming new industrial era.
William Cullen invents the first artificial refrigeration machine
Cullen used a pump to create a partial vacuum over a container of diethyl ether, which then boiled, absorbing heat from the surrounding air.
The Emirate of Diriyah, the first Saudi state, is founded
The Emirate of Diriyah was established in the year 1744 when Muhammad ibn Abd al-Wahhab and Prince Muhammad bin Saud formed an alliance to unify the many states of the Arabian Peninsula.