Panama declares independence from Spain
Timing the action with the rest of the Central American isthmus, Panama declared independence in 1821 and joined the southern federation.
Modernity (1500 - 1945 C.E.)
The Treaty of Córdoba makes Mexico legally independent
On August 24, 1821, O’Donojú signed the Treaty of Córdoba, thus ending New Spain’s dependence on Old Spain.
The Act of Independence of Peru is signed
General San Martín invited all of the populace of Lima to swear oath to the Independence cause. The signing of the Act of Independence of Peru was held on 15 July 1821.
Russian explorers Bellingshausen and Lazarev are first confirmed to sight Antarctica
The first confirmed sighting of mainland Antarctica is attributed to a Russian expedition led by Fabian Gottlieb von Bellingshausen and Mikhail Lazarev, discovering an ice shelf at Princess Martha Coast..
The Congress of Angostura declares independence for Gran Colombia
On 17 December 1819, the Congress of Angostura declared Gran Colombia an independent country. After two more years of war, the country achieved independence from Spain in 1821 under the leadership of its most famous son, Simón Bolívar.
German inventor Karl von Drais invents the bicycle
In 1817, Drais debuted a two-wheeled vehicle, known by many names throughout Europe, including Draisienne, dandy horse and hobby horse.
The Congress of Tucumán declares Argentina’s independence
The Congress was inaugurated in the city of Tucumán, with 33 deputies. The voting ended on July 9 with a declaration of independence.
Norway adopts its Constitution
Norway’s Constitution is the second oldest in the world still in continuous force after the United States Constitution.
Chilpancingo congress declares Mexico independent of Spain
On November 6, the deputies to the Congress signed the first legal document, known as the Acta Solemne de la Declaración de Independencia de la América Septentrional, in which the separation of the New Spain with respect to the Spanish rule is proclaimed.
Paraguay declares independence from Spain
Independence of Paraguay de facto started on May 14 of 1811 after the Revolution of May 14 when a local ruling junta was created. In early 1811 Paraguayan forces had repeatedly defeated the Argentinian army.