An ancient metropolis, the capital of the Republic of the Vaishali state and the capital of the Vajjian Confederacy (Vijji), Vaishali is prominently mentioned in Jain and Buddhist texts which emerged later.
The early Scythian kingdoms were dominated by inter-ethnic forms of dependency based on subjugation of agricultural populations in eastern South Caucasia, plunder and taxes regular tribute, tribute disguised as gifts, and possibly also payments for military support.
The Sushruta Samhita is one of the most important treatises on medicine and herbalism to survive from the ancient world.
The Dorset was a Paleo-Eskimo culture, lasting from 500 B.C.E. to between 1000 and 1500 C.E., that followed the Pre-Dorset and preceded the Inuit in the Arctic of North America. It is named after Cape Dorset in Nunavut, Canada, where the first evidence of its existence was found.
The Medes were an ancient Iranian people[N 2] who spoke the Median language and who inhabited an area known as Media between western and northern Iran.
Along with Bukhara, Samarkand is one of the oldest inhabited cities in Central Asia, prospering from its location on the trade route between China and the Mediterranean (Silk Road).
Homer is the earliest poet in Western culture whose works have survived intact.
The Thamūd is an ancient civilization in the Hejaz known from the 8th century B.C.E. to near the time of Muhammad.
The Saka were a group of nomadic Iranian peoples who historically inhabited the northern and eastern Eurasian Steppe and the Tarim Basin. The Saka are attested in historical and archaeological records dating to around the 8th century B.C.E.
In the first millennium B.C.E., Iranian nomads established irrigation systems along the rivers of Central Asia and built towns at Bukhara and Samarqand.
