Humans of the Zhou dynasty in modern-day China invent the gear
Gears almost always produce a change in torque, creating a mechanical advantage, through their gear ratio, and thus may be considered a simple machine.
Civilization (3000 B.C.E. - 500 C.E.)
The Nanda Empire comes to power in modern-day India and Bangladesh
The Nanda dynasty ruled in northern part of the Indian subcontinent during the 4th century B.C.E., and possibly during the 5th century B.C.E. The Nandas overthrew the Shaishunaga dynasty in the Magadha region of eastern India, and expanded their empire to include a larger part of northern India.
The Bosporan Kingdom thrives in modern-day Russia and Ukraine
The Bosporan Kingdom was an ancient Greco-Scythian state located in eastern Crimea and the Taman Peninsula on the shores of the Cimmerian Bosporus.
The Nazca people begin construction of the Nazca Lines in Peru
Scratched on the ground, they number in the thousands and depict creatures from both the natural world and the human imagination.
Saladoid culture thrives in modern-day Venezuela and the Caribbean
Saladoid culture is a pre-Columbian indigenous culture of territory in present-day Venezuela and the Caribbean that flourished from 500 B.C.E. to 545 C.E. Concentrated along the lowlands of the Orinoco River, the people migrated by sea to the Lesser Antilles, and then to Puerto Rico.
Buddhism emerges in the Indian subcontinent
The origin of Buddhism points to one man, Siddhartha Gautama, the historical Buddha, who was born in Lumbini (in present-day Nepal) during the 5th century B.C.E..
Dorset culture emerges in modern-day Canada and Alaska
The Dorset was a Paleo-Eskimo culture, lasting from 500 B.C.E. to between 1000 and 1500 C.E., that followed the Pre-Dorset and preceded the Inuit in the Arctic of North America.
Humans of ancient China invent cuju, perhaps the earliest precursor to soccer/football
Invented in the Han Dynasty, cuju is recognized by FIFA as the earliest form of association football for which there is evidence, being first mentioned as an exercise in a Chinese military work from 3rd-2nd century B.C.E.
The ancient Chinese, perhaps of the Zhou Dynasty, invent the trip hammer
A trip hammer, also known as a tilt hammer or helve hammer, is a massive powered hammer used in agriculture, mining, finery forges, and a variety of other applications.
Republic established in ancient Rome
In the late 6th century B.C.E., the small city-state of Rome overthrew the shackles of monarchy and created a republican government that, in theory if not always in practice, represented the wishes of its citizens.