Canada

Bear in the woods

Great Bear Rainforest Agreement sets global standard for Indigenous-led conservation

In 2016, Indigenous groups, government, and environmental organizations forged the Great Bear Rainforest Agreement, protecting nearly 6.4 million hectares of British Columbia’s rainforest. This landmark deal recognized Indigenous rights and leadership in land stewardship, balancing conservation with sustainable economic development. It became one of the world’s largest Indigenous-led conservation efforts, setting a precedent for collaborative, large-scale environmental protection.

03 ozone graphic

46 countries sign the Montreal Protocol in historic move to restore the ozone layer

The Montreal Protocol on Substances That Deplete the Ozone Layer is an international treaty designed to protect the ozone layer by phasing out the production of numerous substances that are responsible for ozone depletion. It was agreed on 16 September 1987 and entered into force on 1 January 1989. The ozone treaty has since been ratified by 198 parties, making it the first universally ratified treaty in United Nations history.