Kerma culture flourishes in modern-day Sudan
The Kerma culture was an early civilization centered in Kerma, Sudan. It flourished from around 2500 B.C.E. to 1500 B.C.E. in ancient Nubia, located in Upper Egypt and northern Sudan.
Early humans
The Kesh Temple Hymn – oldest known piece of literature – is written in Sumeria
Two of the oldest known literary works are the “Kesh Temple Hymn” and the “Instructions of Shuruppak,” both of which exist in written versions dating to around 2500 B.C.E.
The Ancient Egyptians invent boat docks
The earliest known docks were those discovered in Wadi al-Jarf, an ancient Egyptian harbor dating from 2500 B.C.E. located on the Red Sea coast.
Use of the now ubiquitous spice black pepper becomes widespread, beginning in modern-day India
Black pepper is native to Kerala in Southwestern India and is extensively cultivated there and elsewhere in tropica regions.
Ancient Egyptians begin using papyrus as a writing surface
Papyrus is first known to have been used in ancient Egypt (at least as far back as the First Dynasty), as the papyrus plant was once abundant across the Nile Delta. Apart from a writing material, ancient Egyptians employed papyrus in the construction of other artifacts, such as reed boats, mats, rope, sandals, and baskets.
Humanity’s first monarch, perhaps Dumuzid, comes to power in Sumeria
Sumeria was the first civilization, created the first writing system, and had the first monarch.
Maya culture emerges in the Yucatan
The Maya Long Count Calendar gives a Maya creation date of 11 August, 3114 B.C.E., and traces of Maya habitation at Cuello, in Belize, were recently carbon dated to around 2600 B.C.E.
The civilization of Elam rises in modern-day Iran
Elam was an ancient Pre-Iranian civilization centered in the far west and southwest of what is now modern-day Iran.
Corded Ware cultures thrives in Europe
Corded Ware culture encompassed a vast area, from the contact zone between the Yamnaya culture and the Corded Ware culture in south Central Europe, to the Rhine on the west and the Volga in the east, occupying parts of Northern Europe, Central Europe and Eastern Europe.
The Catacomb culture flourishes in modern-day Ukraine and southern Russia
The Catacomb culture (c. 2800–2200 B.C.E.) is a group of related cultures in the early Bronze Age occupying essentially what is present-day eastern Ukraine and southern Russia.