Ghana has enacted groundbreaking legislation, known as the Fisheries and Aquaculture Act 2025 (Act 1146), designed to restore fish populations, safeguard small-scale fishing communities, and curb illegal, unregulated, and unreported (IUU) fishing practices. The law was signed on August 19, 2025, by President John Dramani Mahama, following parliamentary approval in July 2025 (Mongabay; Maritime Executive).
Expansion of the Inshore Exclusive Zone (IEZ)
A cornerstone of the new law is the expansion of Ghana’s Inshore Exclusive Zone (IEZ) from 6 to 12 nautical miles (approximately 11 to 22 kilometers) off the coast. This change establishes a protected area reserved exclusively for artisanal fisherfolk, shielding vital breeding grounds from intrusion by industrial trawlers. The zone expansion is expected to benefit around 120,000 small-scale fishers and is aimed at reversing the near-collapse of vital pelagic fish stocks such as sardinella, anchovies, and mackerel (Mongabay; Mongabay short report).
Stronger Enforcement and Monitoring Measures
In addition to the zone expansion, the legislation introduces mandatory electronic monitoring systems for industrial fishing vessels to ensure compliance and improve transparency. It also enforces tougher penalties against IUU fishing violations, reinforcing Ghana’s commitment to sustainable fishing practices. The Environmental Justice Foundation (EJF) praised the law as a “historic advance” that protects livelihoods, promotes food security, and lays the groundwork for marine ecosystems to recover (EJF Statement).
Enhancing Food Security and Fisheries Management
Fish makes up over 60 percent of the animal protein consumed in Ghana, so replenishing fish stocks is vital to national nutrition and public health. The government expects the new law to support food stability as well as economic resilience for coastal and rural communities. The Fisheries and Aquaculture Act also includes provisions for instituting an independent Fisheries Commission to better manage marine resources according to international standards and avoid further trade sanctions like the EU “yellow card” issued over IUU concerns (Mongabay; ICSF report).
Support from Fishing Communities and NGOs
Artisanal fishers and their associations have welcomed the law enthusiastically. The Canoe and Fishing Gear Association of Ghana (CaFGOAG) expressed gratitude, stating that fishing communities feel heard and empowered. They praised Minister Emelia Arthur and emphasized the need for strict enforcement and participatory monitoring to make the law effective (Ghana Business News). Fisheries Minister Emelia Arthur’s leadership was also highlighted as essential in steering the bill through parliament and into law.
Implications for Trade and Environmental Governance
Protecting artisanal fishing zones and strengthening fisheries governance also impacts Ghana’s seafood export markets. With exports worth over $425 million annually, ensuring sustainability and regulatory compliance is critical to maintaining market access, particularly with the European Union. The law’s robust regulatory framework seeks to mitigate future sanctions and enhance confidence in Ghana’s marine exports (Maritime Executive; B&FT Online).
Looking Forward
Ghana’s Fisheries and Aquaculture Act is a milestone in fisheries management, offering a comprehensive strategy to protect small-scale fishers, revitalize marine ecosystems, and ensure long-term food security. The success of this legislation now depends on strong, transparent enforcement, community engagement, and continued investment in fisheries science and coastal infrastructure.
By placing artisanal communities at the heart of policy, Ghana is setting a bold example for sustainability in West Africa and demonstrating how inclusive governance can drive ecological restoration and social resilience.
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